Source code for pyro.distributions.one_one_matching

# Copyright Contributors to the Pyro project.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

import itertools
import logging
import warnings

import torch
from torch.distributions import constraints
from torch.distributions.utils import lazy_property

from .torch import Categorical
from .torch_distribution import TorchDistribution

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


class OneOneMatchingConstraint(constraints.Constraint):
    def __init__(self, num_nodes):
        self.num_nodes = num_nodes

    def check(self, value):
        if value.dim() == 0:
            warnings.warn("Invalid event_shape: ()")
            return torch.tensor(False)
        batch_shape, event_shape = value.shape[:-1], value.shape[-1:]
        if event_shape != (self.num_nodes,):
            warnings.warn("Invalid event_shape: {}".format(event_shape))
            return torch.tensor(False)
        if value.min() < 0 or value.max() >= self.num_nodes:
            warnings.warn("Value out of bounds")
            return torch.tensor(False)
        counts = torch.zeros(batch_shape + (self.num_nodes,))
        counts.scatter_add_(-1, value, torch.ones(value.shape))
        if (counts != 1).any():
            warnings.warn("Matching is not binary")
            return torch.tensor(False)
        return torch.tensor(True)


[docs]class OneOneMatching(TorchDistribution): r""" Random perfect matching from ``N`` sources to ``N`` destinations where each source matches exactly **one** destination and each destination matches exactly **one** source. Samples are represented as long tensors of shape ``(N,)`` taking values in ``{0,...,N-1}`` and satisfying the above one-one constraint. The log probability of a sample ``v`` is the sum of edge logits, up to the log partition function ``log Z``: .. math:: \log p(v) = \sum_s \text{logits}[s, v[s]] - \log Z Exact computations are expensive. To enable tractable approximations, set a number of belief propagation iterations via the ``bp_iters`` argument. The :meth:`log_partition_function` and :meth:`log_prob` methods use a Bethe approximation [1,2,3,4]. **References:** [1] Michael Chertkov, Lukas Kroc, Massimo Vergassola (2008) "Belief propagation and beyond for particle tracking" https://arxiv.org/pdf/0806.1199.pdf [2] Bert Huang, Tony Jebara (2009) "Approximating the Permanent with Belief Propagation" https://arxiv.org/pdf/0908.1769.pdf [3] Pascal O. Vontobel (2012) "The Bethe Permanent of a Non-Negative Matrix" https://arxiv.org/pdf/1107.4196.pdf [4] M Chertkov, AB Yedidia (2013) "Approximating the permanent with fractional belief propagation" http://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume14/chertkov13a/chertkov13a.pdf :param Tensor logits: An ``(N, N)``-shaped tensor of edge logits. :param int bp_iters: Optional number of belief propagation iterations. If unspecified or ``None`` expensive exact algorithms will be used. """ arg_constraints = {"logits": constraints.real} has_enumerate_support = True def __init__(self, logits, *, bp_iters=None, validate_args=None): if logits.dim() != 2: raise NotImplementedError("OneOneMatching does not support batching") assert bp_iters is None or isinstance(bp_iters, int) and bp_iters > 0 self.num_nodes, num_nodes = logits.shape assert num_nodes == self.num_nodes self.logits = logits batch_shape = () event_shape = (self.num_nodes,) super().__init__(batch_shape, event_shape, validate_args=validate_args) self.bp_iters = bp_iters @constraints.dependent_property def support(self): return OneOneMatchingConstraint(self.num_nodes) @lazy_property def log_partition_function(self): if self.bp_iters is None: # Brute force. d = self.enumerate_support() s = torch.arange(d.size(-1), dtype=d.dtype, device=d.device) return self.logits[s, d].sum(-1).logsumexp(-1) # Approximate mean field beliefs b via Sinkhorn iteration. # We find that Sinkhorn iteration is more robust and faster than the # optimal belief propagation updates suggested in [1-4]. finfo = torch.finfo(self.logits.dtype) # Note gradients are more accurate when shift is not detached. shift = self.logits.max(1, True).values shift.data.clamp_(min=finfo.min, max=finfo.max) logits = self.logits - shift d = logits.logsumexp(0) for _ in range(self.bp_iters): s = (logits - d).logsumexp(-1, True) d = (logits - s).logsumexp(0) b = (logits - (d + s)).exp() def log(x): return x.clamp(min=finfo.tiny).log() # Evaluate the Bethe free energy. b_ = (1 - b).clamp(min=0) logits = logits.clamp(min=-1 / finfo.eps) free_energy = (b * (log(b) - logits)).sum() - (b_ * log(b_)).sum() log_Z = shift.sum() - free_energy assert torch.isfinite(log_Z) return log_Z
[docs] def log_prob(self, value): if self._validate_args: self._validate_sample(value) d = value s = torch.arange(d.size(-1), dtype=d.dtype, device=d.device) return self.logits[s, d].sum(-1) - self.log_partition_function
[docs] def enumerate_support(self, expand=True): return torch.tensor(list(itertools.permutations(range(self.num_nodes))))
[docs] def sample(self, sample_shape=torch.Size()): if self.bp_iters is None: # Brute force. d = self.enumerate_support() s = torch.arange(d.size(-1), dtype=d.dtype, device=d.device) logits = self.logits[s, d].sum(-1) sample = Categorical(logits=logits).sample(sample_shape) return d[sample] if sample_shape: return torch.stack( [self.sample(sample_shape[1:]) for _ in range(sample_shape[0])] ) # TODO initialize via .mode(), then perform a small number of MCMC steps # https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~vigoda/Permanent.pdf # https://papers.nips.cc/paper/2012/file/4c27cea8526af8cfee3be5e183ac9605-Paper.pdf raise NotImplementedError
[docs] def mode(self): """ Computes a maximum probability matching. """ return maximum_weight_matching(self.logits)
@torch.no_grad() def maximum_weight_matching(logits): from scipy.optimize import linear_sum_assignment cost = -logits.cpu() value = linear_sum_assignment(cost.numpy())[1] value = torch.tensor(value, dtype=torch.long, device=logits.device) return value