Source code for pyro.contrib.gp.models.vsgp

# Copyright (c) 2017-2019 Uber Technologies, Inc.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

import torch
from torch.distributions import constraints
from torch.nn import Parameter

import pyro
import pyro.distributions as dist
import pyro.poutine as poutine
from pyro.contrib.gp.models.model import GPModel
from pyro.contrib.gp.util import conditional
from pyro.distributions.util import eye_like
from pyro.nn.module import PyroParam, pyro_method


[docs]class VariationalSparseGP(GPModel): r""" Variational Sparse Gaussian Process model. In :class:`.VariationalGP` model, when the number of input data :math:`X` is large, the covariance matrix :math:`k(X, X)` will require a lot of computational steps to compute its inverse (for log likelihood and for prediction). This model introduces an additional inducing-input parameter :math:`X_u` to solve that problem. Given inputs :math:`X`, their noisy observations :math:`y`, and the inducing-input parameters :math:`X_u`, the model takes the form: .. math:: [f, u] &\sim \mathcal{GP}(0, k([X, X_u], [X, X_u])),\\ y & \sim p(y) = p(y \mid f) p(f), where :math:`p(y \mid f)` is the likelihood. We will use a variational approach in this model by approximating :math:`q(f,u)` to the posterior :math:`p(f,u \mid y)`. Precisely, :math:`q(f) = p(f\mid u)q(u)`, where :math:`q(u)` is a multivariate normal distribution with two parameters ``u_loc`` and ``u_scale_tril``, which will be learned during a variational inference process. .. note:: This model can be learned using MCMC method as in reference [2]. See also :class:`.GPModel`. .. note:: This model has :math:`\mathcal{O}(NM^2)` complexity for training, :math:`\mathcal{O}(M^3)` complexity for testing. Here, :math:`N` is the number of train inputs, :math:`M` is the number of inducing inputs. Size of variational parameters is :math:`\mathcal{O}(M^2)`. References: [1] `Scalable variational Gaussian process classification`, James Hensman, Alexander G. de G. Matthews, Zoubin Ghahramani [2] `MCMC for Variationally Sparse Gaussian Processes`, James Hensman, Alexander G. de G. Matthews, Maurizio Filippone, Zoubin Ghahramani :param torch.Tensor X: A input data for training. Its first dimension is the number of data points. :param torch.Tensor y: An output data for training. Its last dimension is the number of data points. :param ~pyro.contrib.gp.kernels.kernel.Kernel kernel: A Pyro kernel object, which is the covariance function :math:`k`. :param torch.Tensor Xu: Initial values for inducing points, which are parameters of our model. :param ~pyro.contrib.gp.likelihoods.likelihood Likelihood likelihood: A likelihood object. :param callable mean_function: An optional mean function :math:`m` of this Gaussian process. By default, we use zero mean. :param torch.Size latent_shape: Shape for latent processes (`batch_shape` of :math:`q(u)`). By default, it equals to output batch shape ``y.shape[:-1]``. For the multi-class classification problems, ``latent_shape[-1]`` should corresponse to the number of classes. :param int num_data: The size of full training dataset. It is useful for training this model with mini-batch. :param bool whiten: A flag to tell if variational parameters ``u_loc`` and ``u_scale_tril`` are transformed by the inverse of ``Luu``, where ``Luu`` is the lower triangular decomposition of :math:`kernel(X_u, X_u)`. Enable this flag will help optimization. :param float jitter: A small positive term which is added into the diagonal part of a covariance matrix to help stablize its Cholesky decomposition. """ def __init__( self, X, y, kernel, Xu, likelihood, mean_function=None, latent_shape=None, num_data=None, whiten=False, jitter=1e-6, ): assert isinstance( X, torch.Tensor ), "X needs to be a torch Tensor instead of a {}".format(type(X)) if y is not None: assert isinstance( y, torch.Tensor ), "y needs to be a torch Tensor instead of a {}".format(type(y)) assert isinstance( Xu, torch.Tensor ), "Xu needs to be a torch Tensor instead of a {}".format(type(Xu)) super().__init__(X, y, kernel, mean_function, jitter) self.likelihood = likelihood self.Xu = Parameter(Xu) y_batch_shape = self.y.shape[:-1] if self.y is not None else torch.Size([]) self.latent_shape = latent_shape if latent_shape is not None else y_batch_shape M = self.Xu.size(0) u_loc = self.Xu.new_zeros(self.latent_shape + (M,)) self.u_loc = Parameter(u_loc) identity = eye_like(self.Xu, M) u_scale_tril = identity.repeat(self.latent_shape + (1, 1)) self.u_scale_tril = PyroParam(u_scale_tril, constraints.lower_cholesky) self.num_data = num_data if num_data is not None else self.X.size(0) self.whiten = whiten self._sample_latent = True
[docs] @pyro_method def model(self): self.set_mode("model") M = self.Xu.size(0) Kuu = self.kernel(self.Xu).contiguous() Kuu.view(-1)[:: M + 1] += self.jitter # add jitter to the diagonal Luu = torch.linalg.cholesky(Kuu) zero_loc = self.Xu.new_zeros(self.u_loc.shape) if self.whiten: identity = eye_like(self.Xu, M) pyro.sample( self._pyro_get_fullname("u"), dist.MultivariateNormal(zero_loc, scale_tril=identity).to_event( zero_loc.dim() - 1 ), ) else: pyro.sample( self._pyro_get_fullname("u"), dist.MultivariateNormal(zero_loc, scale_tril=Luu).to_event( zero_loc.dim() - 1 ), ) f_loc, f_var = conditional( self.X, self.Xu, self.kernel, self.u_loc, self.u_scale_tril, Luu, full_cov=False, whiten=self.whiten, jitter=self.jitter, ) f_loc = f_loc + self.mean_function(self.X) if self.y is None: return f_loc, f_var else: # we would like to load likelihood's parameters outside poutine.scale context self.likelihood._load_pyro_samples() with poutine.scale(scale=self.num_data / self.X.size(0)): return self.likelihood(f_loc, f_var, self.y)
[docs] @pyro_method def guide(self): self.set_mode("guide") self._load_pyro_samples() pyro.sample( self._pyro_get_fullname("u"), dist.MultivariateNormal(self.u_loc, scale_tril=self.u_scale_tril).to_event( self.u_loc.dim() - 1 ), )
[docs] def forward(self, Xnew, full_cov=False): r""" Computes the mean and covariance matrix (or variance) of Gaussian Process posterior on a test input data :math:`X_{new}`: .. math:: p(f^* \mid X_{new}, X, y, k, X_u, u_{loc}, u_{scale\_tril}) = \mathcal{N}(loc, cov). .. note:: Variational parameters ``u_loc``, ``u_scale_tril``, the inducing-point parameter ``Xu``, together with kernel's parameters have been learned from a training procedure (MCMC or SVI). :param torch.Tensor Xnew: A input data for testing. Note that ``Xnew.shape[1:]`` must be the same as ``self.X.shape[1:]``. :param bool full_cov: A flag to decide if we want to predict full covariance matrix or just variance. :returns: loc and covariance matrix (or variance) of :math:`p(f^*(X_{new}))` :rtype: tuple(torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor) """ self._check_Xnew_shape(Xnew) self.set_mode("guide") loc, cov = conditional( Xnew, self.Xu, self.kernel, self.u_loc, self.u_scale_tril, full_cov=full_cov, whiten=self.whiten, jitter=self.jitter, ) return loc + self.mean_function(Xnew), cov